Dekada 70 Essay

For the Philippines, the seventies was more than just a period of shaggy hair, bell-bottom jeans, platform shoes, and disco music. It represented the rise of the conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, a U.S.-sponsored regime characterized by military repression and wholesale human rights violations. Conversely, it was also the fecund period for the sociopolitical awakening and involvement of many Filipinos; the humus for the renowned religious-political event, the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution. [2] Dekada 70 journeys with the central character Amanda Bartolome (Vilma Santos), the reticent wife of an alpha-male husband, and the worrying mother of a boisterous all-male brood. Thoroughly relegated to domesticity in a world slathered in testosterone, Amanda begins to undergo a transformation when her family becomes imbricated in the sociopolitical realities brought about by the Marcos dictatorship. The declaration of Martial Law, the lifting of the writ of habeas corpus, the curfews and police searches, all these could have easily floated past Amanda’s head had her sons not found themselves caught in the crossfire between the government and the pro-democracy movements. As one son after another faces the oppressive forces of the dictatorship, Amanda gradually realizes that the personal is political. While chanting slogans for sociopolitical change, she finds her own voice and comes to terms with the fullness of her own person. [3] It is notable that in the film, the divine presence is sublimated in the refusal to acquiesce to societal structures that perpetuate injustice. The characters’ eyes are opened to the dehumanizing impact of such oppressive structures and they join in the prophetic denunciation of what they have identified as ‘not-God.’ This importantly resonates with the praxical imperative associated with theologies of liberation, which configure God as imbricated in the collective protest of the oppressed. Amanda then, in her ‘conversion to justice,’ can be seen as synechdochic of the epiphanous ‘becoming’ of Filipinos as a true people of the eucharist. [4] Based on an awarded novel of the same title, Dekada 70 essays Amanda’s personal and political journey is a patient navigation of each year of the seventies. To director Roňo’s credit, the film has a clear focus and steadily gets to its point through engaging but inobtrusive camerawork. The politically-charged scenes are strident enough to be visually disturbing, yet tempered enough to work on a more psychological level. [5] There are touches of seventies style  Filipino humor that foreign audiences might miss; they effectively establish that this is a real, average Filipino family trying to navigate through the eye of the political storm. The acting is generally impressive, most especially that of lead actress Santos, who gives a luminous, sensitive performance. Santos essays the transformation of Amanda so effectively that we do see clearly at the end of the film that there has been a fundamental change in her character. [6] If there is something to be faulted about the film, it is Roňo’s failure to keep melodramatic moments in check. The funeral sequence of one of Amanda’s sons, for instance, becomes an over-extended session of copious tears. The rich story material of Dekada 70 could do away with such ‘in your face’ paroxysms, which only work to dull the film’s cutting edge political trajectory. [7] Nonetheless, it cannot be denied that Roňo had created a noteworthy, epic-scale Filipino film, and on a Third World budget at that. It also cannot be denied that Roňo had not forgotten the sentence of history on his home country. [8] Neither will Filipino audiences.

Altering the Landscape of Health Care Essay

The health care field is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States and other countries. The scope of changes suggests a consumer-driven environment and moving away from a provider-driven industry. Changes in technology and communication methods are allowing people to engage directly with their health care provider and not rely solely on the medical provider. We will discuss the modifications taking place in health care, current and potential challenges, and how the health care industry is adjusting to those changes. Modifications in Health Care The modifications taking place in health care involve the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and changes in insurance coverages. A report from Mobile Health 2012 from the Pew Internet & American Life Project states that 45 percent of American adults own a smartphone (Khan, 2014). In addition, the report also states that 53% of smartphone owners use their phones to gain access to health care information (Khan, 2014). With this increase in technology, patients do not have to wait for the next appointment for laboratory results, access real-time data, or health information. They can have access to their medical records anytime they choose, including other methods of communication such as email or social media (Khan, 2014). Through the ACA, patients have choices about choosing health insurance exchanges that benefit their families and themselves, which includes choosing premiums, copays, and deductibles. Individuals have the benefit of choosing cost-effective insurance coverage that is affordable for them which give them direct power and actively engaging in their quality of care. Current and Potential Challenges in Health Care The current and potential challenges facing health care comes from the new mandates under the ACA. Health care employees are under tremendous stress with shortages in the workforce, and instability in the industry (Anderson, 2014). The average health professional’s level of stress is causing job dissatisfaction, burnout, and difficulty retaining quality health care providers (Anderson, 2014). Consumers expect to receive quality care with more choices under the ACA and have the freedom to monitor their health care expenses. Although patients can seek additional health care information through technology, it will take a strong workforce to provide optimum patient care to consumers (Anderson, 2014). The challenge to improve the quality of care without a strong, resilient, growing workforce is undeniable. Many health professionals are seeking other career interests because of the effects of ACA. The mandate that comes under the ACA increases the level of stress on workers, organizations, and the health system is increasing tremendously (Anderson, 2014). The complexity of implementing the rules of the ACA places extreme burden on health providers to fulfill professional obligation, adhere to legal requirements, and still provide quality patient care (Anderson, 2014). Instead of lifting the pressure off of workers it place enormous stress to perform with excellence daily. Another huge challenge in health care is the increase of medical errors because of overworked individuals, which creates fewer optimal outcomes, including patient death and health care disparities (Khan, 2014). The mandate on medical providers to implement electronic health records is creating workforce stress, increased workloads, and burnout among health providers and professionals (Anderson, 2014). In addition, there will be growth in the workforce because of the increase in the number of patients that will be insured under the ACA. Therefore, this will create overwhelming strain on existing medical workers and their ability to accomplish those goals. Solutions to Health Care Challenges The effort to remain competitive in the health care industry requires medical providers, such as physicians, hospitals, physician group practices, and numerous health care companies to integrate and merge businesses (Anderson,  2014). As stated in the article, mergers and acquisitions lower operating costs, but also keep an even distribution of financial safety and increases market share (Anderson, 2014). Consolidations now include many physicians selling their practices to join physician groups and working in hospitals. With these changes taken place, insurers, hospitals, physicians and stakeholders can have an increase in negotiation power (Anderson, 2014). In 2011, there were consolidations that include 432 mergers involving 832 hospitals (Anderson, 2014). As a result, many hospitals are not independent but are now major health care systems throughout the United States. The implementation of the ACA suggests more individuals by law will have to purchase insurance. The health care system is not prepared to handle the large quantity of cases, which will add significant stress among workers. Health care organizations will need an efficient workforce to accommodate the growing population and give patients the quality of care that they deserve (Anderson, 2014). According to Anderson, â€Å"Solutions to the existing problems will require innovation in medical education and training, improved delivery of care, and implementation of policies to retain the existing health care workforce† (Anderson, 2014, p.1). The shift taking place in health care will continue to change along with the implementations under the ACA and the mandate to obtain insurance coverage. Changing the landscape of health care includes the shift to mobile technology and consumer-driven industry. Consumers are more aware of technology that can assist in gaining access to medical information and are seeking alternatives to insurance coverages and reducing costs. Therefore, they are engaging directly with the medical providers and taking ownership of their health information and status. Health care professionals are seeking less stressful working environments, smaller workloads, and even other career paths. The operating costs of the health care system are astronomical and will continue to increase as health care becomes available to more consumers. References Anderson, A. (2014). The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on the Health Care Workforce. Re trieved from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2014/03/the-impact-of-the-afforda ble-care-act-on-the-health-care-workforce Khan, F. (2014). The Shift to Consumer Driven Healthcare. Advance Healthcare Network. Retrie ved from http://healthcare-executive-insight.advanceweb.com/Features/Articles/The-Shif t-to-Consumer-Driven-Healthcare.aspx

Amanda and Hal's wedding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amanda and Hal's wedding - Essay Example Weddings now take meticulous planning and active audience participation. Non-traditional weddings are fun, event filled occasions. While mixed weddings on the other hand, tend to take the best of the traditional and non-traditional ceremonies in order to come up with a uniquely memorable event. I have been lucky enough to have been a part of all three types of wedding ceremonies. When my cousin Cathy decided to get married a couple of years back, she decided to go with a traditional wedding ceremony since she came from a highly religious part of the family. The whole family was involved in getting the wedding off the ground. Since this was to be a traditional event, Cathy's family shouldered all the expenses for the ceremony and the reception. The religious ceremony was done at the same church where here parents were married. The Maid Of Honor was her married sister, and my sister and I were her bridesmaids. She wore her mother's wedding gown which was updated in design for her own b ig day. Cathy walked down the aisle to the traditional wedding march, on the arm of her father. Upon leaving the church as husband and wife, the newly married couple joined a few select group of family and friends for a small reception at the house of Cathy's parents. Everything about the way Cathy's wedding was handled told you that it was old school or traditional in nature. It had the feel of a familiar hand within all the aspects of the special day. It was quite obvious that everyone related to the family had pitched in and did their part to make the event as memorable as possible on an intimate level. A non-traditional wedding however, well, that's just something right up my cousin Rick's alley. He had always been a person who got his kicks out of crazy experiments. Who knew that he would decide to experiment on his wedding day as well? Okay, his choice of bride may have had something to do with it. She was just as imaginative as he was. Their wedding, was done without much pla nning during a scuba diving trip to Hawaii. Maybe it was the location, or maybe it was the hyper joy that they were feeling during the time they spent on the island paradise. Whatever the reason, they came back from the trip with a video of their under the sea wedding that totally knocked the family off its feet. Talk about non-traditional, there was no wedding gown or tuxedo involved, just wet suits. No bridesmaids or groomsmen, instead they had lifeguards with oxygen tanks on the ready. The justice of the peace that married them joined them on the beach for the first half of the ceremony, where only a handful of friends and family who could fly out to for the impromptu event gathered to bear witness, and then the 3 of them, with lifeguards and their videographer dove into the deeper parts of the waters to seal the deal. Unique, non-traditional, and very exciting. Anybody who got married under those conditions would have to be crazy. But then again, that is what makes a non-traditi onal wedding unique and memorable. Finally, we come to the mixed wedding ceremony, which takes the best of the traditional and non-traditional weddings to come up with a truly memorable and unique event for the couple who, in this case, was my sister Amanda and her fiancee Hal. As expected, it as done at a proper church with my sister in a traditional, but specially designed for her wedding gown. I stood as her maid of honor in a list of 4 bridesmaids and 4 groomsmen. I guess that is

Health care and health insurance system in Canada- Comparison to Research Paper

Health care and health insurance system in Canada- Comparison to private Insurance Model - Research Paper Example It offers complete access to health care for all its citizens, by spending only 10.4% of its GDP. (The WHO website, 2014) This report aims at presenting a comprehensive overview of the Canadian health care and health insurance system, along with its comparative analysis with the private health insurance model. The Canadian healthcare system was established by the Canada Health Act which was adopted in 1984. According to the Act â€Å"the primary objective of Canadian health care policy is to protect, promote and restore the physical and mental well-being of residents of Canada and to facilitate reasonable access to health services without financial or other barriers.† (Canada Health Act, 1984: Section 3) For the most part publicly financed, this system is a single-payer system, consisting of thirteen provincial and territorial health plans. These regional plans are interconnected in terms of their compliance with the national principles laid down at the federal level. The Canadian government offers healthcare policy on a prepaid basis to all its eligible citizens, with no direct charges levied at the point of service. As a result, the Canadians have an equitable access to all sorts of health insured services. The role played by the federal government of Canada is very crucial in the smooth operations of its healthcare system. The federal government if the sole authority that lays down as well as implements the national codes or criteria for the insured health care services. It enables fund transfers to extend financial assistance to the provincial and territorial health care services. It arranges for direct health care services for certain niche groups of the nation such as the First Nation persons, federal prisoners and military personnel. Apart from all these direct functions, the federal government also gets involved in various allied activities like health promotion, health protection, and disease prevention. (Canada Health Act,

Mangment 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mangment 3000 - Essay Example Another factor which can motivate me is the rewards and complements. I always like to deliver 100% in my profession. But if my efforts gone unnoticed or unrecognized, then my enthusiasm might gradually decrease. On the other hand if my outstanding works were properly rewarded or complemented, I will definitely increase my productivity knowingly and unknowingly. I would like to build up my career in my organization and all my efforts were primarily focussed on attaining higher places in my organization. So promotion is the best way of rewarding me for my outstanding performances. I know it is impossible for an organization to reward me with promotions always. Incentives, complements, nice words etc can also motivate me. Managers should have some idea about the motivating factors of their employees. Some employees may be satisfied with incentives or cash rewards while some others may need complements or recognitions. The awareness about these individual differences in motivating factors of the employees will help the manager to make custom made strategies for motivating his subordinates. My perceptions about my profession and my organization are very clear. I work for contributing something meaningful to my organization and for that purpose it is important for me to attain higher places in organization. Moreover, I would like to utilize all my talents for the growth of my society through my organization. I have lot of ideas and perceptions about the changes needed in my organization. I would like to participate actively in my organization’s policy making and decision making bodies. I know very well that I can contribute a lot to my organization if I attain higher places in my organization. I know very well that it is difficult for an organization to reward each and every outstanding works. For example, while working in a group, collective efforts are often required

Predestination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Predestination - Essay Example As such, he places the human beings where he wants them to be for fulfillment of his purpose because God made every human being with his own intentions and therefore, no one has the right to abuse it. On the other hand, determinism is based on the notion that everything that happens has a reason and is influenced by something else. The decisions made by people on how they want their lives to turn out, or the results they expect from their behaviors are based on something which happened earlier and influenced their lives. As such, determinism is not influenced by religious affiliations and beliefs, but rather by choices and consequences. This means that life is free and has no preset conditions which influence the fate of humans. The choices made determine the kind of life’s outcome to expect. Eliot’s Silas Marner is a book that starts with predestination and ends with determinism. The book is set in two different places - Lantern Yard and Raveloe. Lantern Yard is highly religious and salvation is highly predestined there. Cleanliness in faith is not a guarantee that you are predestined to serve God. This is because there are already those who are predestined to serve God there even when they are very unclean. For instance, William, who demonstrates the opposite of the faith he claims to exercise is predestined to serve God while Silas is predestined not to exercise salvation despite being very innocent and pure. In Raveloe, people’s lives are controlled by determinism as morals as opposed religion are upheld. As such, people suffer the consequences of their own actions. Predestination is witnessed through the analysis of the character of Silas Marner. He seems to be born with a predestined personality and no matter what he does, he has no control to change the course his life is taking. Religion in Lantern Yard is very strict and salvation seems to the based on predestination. Silas is a very staunch believer of faith but he loses

Company profile about an engineering company in United Arab Emirates Essay

Company profile about an engineering company in United Arab Emirates - Essay Example With its inception as a wholly state owned enterprise in 1979, Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) has been existent for the over 30 years. The main reason behind the states establishment of Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) was to add value to the vast countrys oil-rich mineral resource as it would result in the diversification of the UAE economy. The company’s production capacity has grown over the years with the installation of modern smelters that produce approximately one million metric tons of high-quality molten aluminium annually (Dubai Aluminium Company Limited n.d). Furthermore, DUBAL is currently overseeing an aggressive growth plan as it seeks to become one amongst the top five worldwide aluminium producers by the year 2015. As one of the leading producers of high quality finished aluminium, DUBAL owns one of the worldwide largest aluminium smelters plant. Established on a four hundred and eighty hectare site in Jebel Ali the company has established a state of the art plant centralized in one locality allowing it to function smoothly as it produces over one million metric tonnes of aluminium. Unlike other companies that operate in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), DUBAL is one of Dubai’s industrial flagships it is one of the prevalent non-oil companies that adds up to the country’s economy. As a company that focuses on the production of high quality finished aluminum products, it serves a vast number of electronics and aerospace industries that operate worldwide. It focuses on its power of partnership with its employees, customers, government, suppliers, and the community under, which it operates. Dubai’s government founded Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) in order to boost its economy through production of high quality finished aluminum products for its users in the electronics and aerospace industries. As a result, DUBAL has

Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employment Relations - Essay Example It started due to poor conditions of labor and compulsory cruel over time for the labor. During the period of 1970s Labor movement was taking notice of racisisam and its affect it had on the labor and the labor policies. The trade union consisted of 11.5 million members. There were pamphlets and dvds which were offered starting from Brent trade council which showed the highlights of the movement. It was also talking about the work which the employers of George Ward were doing in order to fight for the trade unionism. The movement was supported by the conservative party, the national association of Freedom and police and the court. Here it is also important to talk about the trade union leadership which was basically giving vocal support to their members but they were not prepared properly in order to provide support to their members until the bitter end came of the strike, which made the strikers stop and accept the court action against them. Grunwicks was basically a photograph fact ory that was located in Brent, North London and it was run by the anti union employer named as George Ward. There were many strikes and work done earlier as well in order to gain the recognition for the workers however it 1976 the strike ked by Jayaben Desai started with 137 workers supporting his work. Though the end result which they had to face was they all being sacked but it was a proper strike ever that took place thus it was successful in at least starting a cause even if they had to face failure in the beginning. Local citizens, advice bureau and even Apex joined them so that an official recognition is given to the strike. The strikers were new and they had never been involved in anything which was against the rulling class but here they were not only against the ruling class but they were also fighting a battle which was between the trade movements and the people who was ruling them. Political aspect of this strike was clearly visible to the strikers who got the results and and answer very quickly. There were many solidarity actions which were spreading around the trade union movement as the strike lasted for a longer period of time and it became a very common thing around. People around boycotted the Grunwick factory and people were stopped to send photos to them for processing, even George Ward was not successful in stopping the strike. Many workers and members of other departments also joined hands with them which include local postal workers who became members of the union of postal workers and they stopped delivering posts. There were also some water and electricity cut offs but Apex and TUC was not involved in it and it was not evening supporting that. (Socialist Appeal ). All the actions of the postal workers were stopped as ordered by the union but Len Murray still attended one meeting of TUC that took place in Brent. The act of Mass picketing started in June 1977 and there were almost 3000 pickets. Police became very active as well who arrest ed almost 84 people. There was almost a civil war atmosphere created as there were scenes which were to familiarize the minor strikes and the atmosphere was just like a civil war atmosphere. 12000 pickets basically blockaded the factory for almost six hours where the branches of the

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example – and realize the important link between leadership and success/failure in the chosen path. Hence, I believe that training in the theoretical aspects of personal leadership development would enhance the chances of my success in post-academic life. I define success as a continuing phenomenon of setting goals and achieving them, with each succeeding goal being higher or nobler than the preceding one. Success is a relative term as well, in the sense that it is as much a feeling of self-satisfaction as the recognition that one gains in an organization or society at large. I place great importance on personal probity, teamwork, participation in peripheral fields of activities etc. as the means to achieve success and recognition. Ideally, I wish to work for any organization that reflects my personal beliefs in order that I contribute to it with full sense of participation, and grow along with it. This means that the (your last name) 2 organization must have a good track record of co rporate responsibility, well-respected by the society and enable its employees to blossom to their fullest capabilities. My profession as a retail manager should see me gaining hands-on experience in the initial years, followed by managing teams of juniors in three to five years time and ultimately setting up and running my own business unit in about 8 to 10 years after graduation. Assessing my leadership qualities Without assigning any priority, I consider the following self-assessment assignments as being very useful and revealing: Motivation to lead, Emotional intelligence, Participatory leadership attitude, Leader-member exchange, Self-confidence and Generalized self-efficacy. It is not that I have scored above average in my self-assessment exercises in these fields – rather, the exercises revealed to me my strengths as well as weaknesses. Knowing one’s weaknesses is the first step in learning ways to overcome them. My goals and aspirations as mentioned earlier wou ld demand that I learn to work in a team as a member, build a team and provide leadership to it in due course, handle difficult situations with a balanced approach, and be self-confident and efficient. These are the reasons for me to consider the six selected factors as the most helpful and relevant to my situation. Motivation to lead: I have scored †¦ , taken as the average on the individual dimensions of this exercise like identity-based motivation, noncalculative-based motivation and social normative-based motivation. The exercise helped me to appreciate the vital link between my ambitions and the practical world of dealing with people and their own motivations. Individual scores reflect the gap between what it takes to be a good leader and my present state of (your last name) 3 preparedness to assume leadership role in the real world. My medium-term and long-term goals provide the motivation for me to lead. If I have to realize the aspiration of owning a business in the l ong-term and achieve a measure of success, I should be a good leader to motivate those working for me to contribute their best. Emotional intelligence: I have scored †¦ , taken as the average on the individual dimensions of this exercise, comprising expression, thinking, knowledge and regulation. Having a different level of intelligence from team members, whether higher or lower, is immaterial so long as one can exercise intelligence with prudent emotion. I am certain to

A peaceful woman explains why she carries a gun Essay Example for Free

A peaceful woman explains why she carries a gun Essay Hasselstrom was Justified for her need to own a gun as she wanted to be rotected, safe and have a peace of mind. Desire to be protected Justified Hasselstrom to get a gun; however, she considered other means of protection first. To begin with, Hasselstrom used improvised means for protection. For example, she had her own gun (spray cans of deodorant) which did not have to be registered. However, one night while camping, the author and her friend, harassed by two young men, decided not to tempt fate and use their improvised mace, but simply leave the camping area. When improvised means of protection did not work, Hasselstrom onsidered another option- a citizens band radio, a system of short-distance radio communications between individuals which does not require a license. However, she rejected this method of protection providing an example of a woman who got beaten and raped using a CB radio to get help with a flat tire. The last method Hasselstrom considered as a mean of protection was self-defense. For her, kung fu class was a smart decision because on the top of her self-preservation, her height and weight did not give her any benefit. Therefore, looking for protection, Hasselstrom provided the eaders with Justified steps she took prior to the extreme measure of protection- a Also, the author was well-grounded for her need of a gun because she gun. wanted safety. Firstly, she did not feel safe on her land. While Hasselstrom lived on a ranch in secluded area 25 miles from the nearest town, she, somehow, managed to have uninvited guests on her property. For example, one day she noticed an armed man on her land who wanted to shoot ducks. As a result, she could not feel safe even on her territory. Secondly, as the author was vulnerable even while driving her car, her possession of a gun was reasonable. Hasselstrom provides the readers with examples to prove her right. In one of the examples, an unknown car was following her on her way home, and made her stop by flashing a blinding spotlight in her face. Another example depicts a man who was playing cat-and-mouse with Hasselstrom within 30 miles when she was driving in a desolate part of Wyoming. Thirdly, the fact that Hasselstrom did not feel safe even in public places Justified her to own a gun. She provided an example of her and her friend being harassed and scared by men while camping in the West. Moreover, looking for some help from the local rangers, he had to face with their carelessness and unwillingness to protect and help. In addition to Hasselstroms desire of protection and safety, there is a desire of peace she was looking for which Justified her to possess a weapon. First of all, she could not get a peace ot mind being harassed on a daily basis. Whether sne was among people or on her property, she faced acts of harassment or danger which took her further away from a peace she was searching for. Then, she could not find a peace of mind if she was constantly stressed out, suspicious and scared about everything. One day the author found deep tire ruts in her yard and garbage in her driveway. More likely, that fact would lead a person like her to suspect that someone unfriendly had an intention to hurt or do her harm. Third of all, Hasselstrom lived in the environment where women did not stand much for a chance of not being harassed. Men in her area worried her, and their harassment would not stop until stronger measures were taken. However, Hasselstrom did not want to be either daily harassed, be another victim of rape or permanently stressed out and scared. Threfore, she believed that having a gun handy would lead her to a peace of mind she was looking for. In conclusion, relying on Hasselstroms examples provided in the article, she was Justified for her need to own a gun. She had no choice but to use it in dangerous situations to protect herself. When used responsibly, women in the same situation as the author would live protected, safe and with peace of mind they desire. What Hasselstroms message was in this article is that no one, man or woman, should live in fear. And in her situation, owning a gun gave her that security.

Examining The National Disaster Management Policy Information Technology Essay

Examining The National Disaster Management Policy Information Technology Essay 1. Till recently, the approach to Disaster Management has been reactive and relief centric. A paradigm shift has now taken place at the national level from the relief centric syndrome to holistic and integrated approach with emphasis on prevention, mitigation and preparedness  [1]  . These efforts are aimed to conserve development gains as also minimise losses to lives, livelihood and property. 2. Natural calamities have had a more devastating impact in India because of inadequate policies relating to disaster management and no institutional support systems. However off late, the government has initiated a series of measures towards institutionalized and integrated approach to disaster relief in the country. Background 3. Brief History. The history of disaster management in the Indian context can be traced back to the Great Famine of 1876-1878, which led to the setting up of the Famine Commission in 1880  [2]  . The famine relief code was adopted thereafter, and contained the details of relief to be provided by the government to famine stricken people. India thus had the worlds first disaster relief code. Erstwhile Disaster Management Set Up 4. Disaster management and relief as a function of the Civil Government were entrusted to the Agriculture Ministry  [3]  . The Central Government laid down general policy and exercised overall control and co-ordination. Relief operations were planned and executed by the state and local authorities within their own areas  [4]  . The salient aspects were as follows:- (a) National Policy on Disaster Management. The role of the centre was restricted to policy formulation and allocation of resources for disaster management. The quantum of assistance to be provided depended upon Gravity of the natural calamity, scale of relief operations and requirement of central assistance. (b) Calamities Relief Fund. The Centre had earmarked two funds i.e. Calamities Relief Fund (CRF) and National Fund for Calamities (NFCR). The nodal agency for monitoring natural disasters and recommending the release of these funds was the Crisis Management Group (CMG) in the Ministry of Agriculture headed by the Central Relief Commissioner. (c) Government Response. The Government response to disaster broadly was in two ways viz. Policy and Administrative Response. At policy level, the Prime Minister and Cabinet Committee and the nodal agency i.e. Agriculture Ministry took initiatives to activate administrative machinery to assist and monitor relief operations. The salient aspects of government response were: (i) Preparatory Stage. This involved formulation of National Policy, installation of forecasting and warning system, and advise and assistance to states in policy formulation. (ii) Emergency Stage. Emergency stage involved provision of additional relief assistance, provision of assistance from armed forces and other CPOs, and arrangement and coordination of assistance from foreign countries. (iii) Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. This stage involved assessment of damage and allocation of financial resource for long term relief. 5. National Crisis Management Committee. This committee (NCMC) was constituted in the Cabinet Secretariat with the Cabinet Secretary as its chairman and secretaries of important ministries as its members  [5]  . It gave directions to the crisis management group. The Crisis Management Group was constituted under aegis of Ministry of Agriculture. The Additional Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture was the Relief Commissioner. He was also the Chairman of CMG and looked after matters relating to relief. The resident commissioners of the states affected by the calamity were to be co-opted during the period of crisis. 6. State and District Level Organisation. The state and district level organization was similar to the existing organization with disaster management committees functional at the state and the district level, with the Chief Minister and the District Commissioners responsible for coordination  [6]  . Drawbacks of the Erstwhile Setup 7. The erstwhile setup had a few drawbacks, some of which are as listed below:- (a) The National policy was not comprehensive and measures were adhoc. (b) The implementation was influenced by power groups with vested interests. (c) The central plans lacked coordination, as plans, procedures, organisation and even damage assessment differed widely from state to state. (d) Forecasting and warning though fairly well developed, did not meet requirements completely. (e) There was a lack of national coordination. (f) Inadequate community involvement. (g) An excessive compartmentalisation or sectorisation led to duplication of efforts and consequently development planning drifted away from an integrated nature. Present Disaster Management Set up 8. Background  [7]  . In 1999, the Government of India set up a High Powered Committee (HPC) to develop disaster management plans at the national, state and district levels. While the HPC was engaged in consultations with various stakeholder groups around the country, the super cyclone which hit Orissa in October 1999 and the Bhuj earthquake which hit Gujarat on 26th January 2001 exposed major weaknesses in our disaster preparedness and emergency response capacities. The National Committee on Disaster Management constituted by the Government of India reviewed the High Powered Committee Report and approved some of the recommendations, one of the most significant ones being the shifting of the primary responsibility for disaster management from the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Home Affairs in Government of India. India became one of the first countries after the Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 2004 to declare a national commitment to set up appropriate institutional mechanisms for more effective disaster management at the national, state and district levels. 9. The Disaster Management Bill was unanimously adopted by both houses of Parliament and the Disaster Management Act 2005 demonstrated the national vision of a paradigm shift from post-disaster response to improving the pre-disaster disaster preparedness, initiating disaster mitigation projects and strengthening emergency response capacities in the country. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 stipulated the establishment of requisite institutional mechanisms for drawing up and monitoring the implementation of disaster management plans, ensuring measures by various wings of the government for prevention and mitigating the effects of disasters, and for undertaking a holistic, co-ordinated, and prompt response to any disaster situation. The New Legal and Institutional Framework 10. The Disaster Management Act 2005 envisaged the establishment of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), chaired by the Prime Minister of India, as the apex body for disaster management in the country, the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) chaired by the respective Chief Ministers at the state level and the District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) chaired by the respective District Collectors and co-chaired by the elected representative of the Zilla Parishad in the respective districts. 11. A dedicated agency called the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) has been established with personnel from the para military forces for strengthening the preparedness and emergency response in the country. Ten battalions of the NDRF (see appx ) have been setup and deployed in strategic locations in the country and the NDRF personnel are being trained and equipped with state-of-the-art life saving equipments, search and rescue equipments, inflatable boats, etc. The NDRF personnel are also being trained for preparing and responding to Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) emergencies. Since their inception, NDRF personnel have been deployed in many natural disaster situations to assist the local administration. During the Kosi floods in Bihar in 2008, the NDRF personnel evacuated more than 100,000 people from the flood-affected villages through the sustained effort of NDRF search and rescue teams using inflatable boats, bauts and local country boats. 12. The National Institute for Disaster Management (NIDM) has been established as the apex training institute for disaster management in India. NIDM coordinates the capacity building efforts of disaster management faculty in State Training Institutes and is also offering a few distance education programmes in disaster management in collaboration with the World Bank Institute. The NIDM also hosts the SAARC Centre for Disaster Management. The National Vision  [8]   13. The Disaster Management Act 2005 envisages a paradigm shift from the erstwhile relief-centric response to a proactive prevention, mitigation and preparedness-driven approach, so as to conserve the developmental gains and also minimize losses to lives, livelihoods and property. The National Vision for disaster management is to build a safer and disaster-resilient India by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-hazard and technology-driven strategy. This will be achieved through a culture of prevention, mitigation and preparedness to generate a prompt and efficient response at the time of disasters. The entire process will centre-stage the community and will be provided momentum and sustenance through the collective efforts of all Government agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). 14. The National Disaster Management Act. The National Disaster Management Bill was introduced by the Government on 08 May 2005 and promulgated into an act on 25 Dec 2005  [9]  . The law on disaster management provides for requisite institutional mechanisms for drawing up and monitoring the implementation of the disaster management plans, ensuring measures by various wings of Government for prevention and mitigating effects of disasters and for undertaking a holistic, coordinated and prompt response to any disaster situation. 15. The Disaster Management Bill, 2005 provides for setting up the following:- National Disaster Management Authority under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister. State Disaster Management Authorities under the Chairmanship of the Chief Ministers. District Disaster Management Authorities under the Chairmanship of District Magistrates. Ministries / Departments to draw up department-wise plans in accordance with the national disaster management plan. National Disaster Response Force. National Institute of Disaster Management. National Fund for Disaster Response and the National Fund for Disaster Mitigation and similar Funds at the State and District levels. (h) Specific role for Local Bodies in disaster management including Panchayati Raj Institutions as well as Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities. 16. National Disaster Management Policy. The National Disaster Management Policy is a comprehensive document that articulates the vision of the Government of India towards achieving the goal of a disaster resilient India  [10]  . The objectives of the policy:-. Promoting a culture of prevention, preparedness and resilience at all levels through knowledge, innovation and education. Encouraging mitigation measures based on technology, traditional wisdom and environmental sustainability. Mainstreaming disaster management into the developmental planning process. Establishing institutional and techno-legal frameworks to create an enabling regulatory environment and a compliance regime. Ensuring efficient mechanism for identification, assessment and monitoring of disaster risks. Developing contemporary forecasting and early warning systems backed by responsive and failsafe communication with information technology support. Promoting a productive partnership with the media to create awareness and contributing towards capacity development. Ensuring efficient response and relief with a caring approach towards the needs of the vulnerable sections of the society. (j) Undertaking reconstruction as an opportunity to build disaster resilient structures and habitat for ensuring safer living. (k) Promoting productive and proactive partnership with media in disaster management. 17. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). This has been established under the Chairperson of Prime Minister and nine members, including a Vice Chairperson nominated  [11]  . The duties of NDMA are as given below:- Lay down policies on disaster management. Approve the National Plan and plans prepared by the ministries or departments of the Government of India. Lay down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the State Plan and different ministries or departments for integrating the measures for prevention of disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development plans and projects. Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the policies and plans for disaster management. Recommend provisioning of funds for the purpose of mitigation. Provide such support to other countries affected by major disasters as determined by the Government. Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of the National Institute of Disaster Management. 18. The NDMA may constitute an advisory committee consisting of experts in the field of disaster management and having practical experience of disaster management at the National, State or District level to make recommendations on different aspects of disaster management. (a) Organisation of NDMA. National Disaster Management Authority has been constituted with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman, a Vice Chairman with the status of Cabinet Minister, and eight members with the status of Ministers of State.   Each of the members has a well defined functional domain covering various states as also disaster specific areas of focus and concern. A functional infrastructure has been built which is appropriate for disaster management involving uncertainties coupled with desired plans of action. Each member of the Authority heads disaster-specific divisions for specific disaster and functional domains. Each member has also been given the responsibility of  specified states and UTs for close interaction and coordination. The NDMA organization is enclosed along with. The NDMA Secretariat, headed by a Secretary is responsible to provide secretarial support and continuity. It is proposed to have two Disaster Management Wings under the Secretariat. They are :- (i) DM I Wing. This wing will deal with mitigation, preparedness, plans, reconstruction, community awareness and dealing with financial/administrative aspects. (ii) DM II Wing. This wing is proposed to be composed of the National Disaster Management Operations Centre with the state-of-the-art multi-redundant communication systems, to carry out the tasks of capacity development, training and knowledge management. 19. The National Executive Committee. It consists of Secretary from Ministry of Home Affairs as the Chairperson and members as the Secretaries from the Ministries of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, Finance (expenditure), Health, Power, Rural Development, Science and Technology, Space, Telecommunication, Urban Development, Water Resources and the Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS) of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC)  [12]  . Duties. The duties of this committee include :- Prepare the National Plan to be approved by the National Authority. (ii) Coordinate and monitor the implementation of the National Policy. (iii) Lay down guidelines and provide technical assistance for preparing disaster management plans by different ministries and the State Authorities. (iv) Evaluate the preparedness at all governmental levels for the purpose of responding to any threatening disaster situation and give directions thereon. (v) Plan and coordinate specialised training programmes for disaster management for different levels of officers, employees and voluntary workers. (vi) Coordinate response in the event of a disaster situation and give directions to concerned ministries and State Governments. (vii) Require any department or agency of the Government to make available to the National / State Authority such men or material resources as are available with it for the purposes of emergency response, rescue and relief. The Mandate. The NEC is the executive committee of the NDMA, and is mandated to assist the NDMA in the discharge of its functions and also ensure compliance of the directions issued by the Central Government. NEC is to coordinate the response in the event of any threatening disaster situation or disaster. NEC will prepare the National Plan for Disaster Management based on the National Policy on Disaster Management. NEC will monitor the implementation of guidelines issued by NDMA. It will also perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Central Government in consultation with the NDMA. 20. The National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC). For effective implementation of relief measures in the wake of a disaster, the cabinet has set up a National Crisis Management Committee. The concerned Secretary shall provide all necessary information and seek directions of the Cabinet Committee in all matters concerning relief and step for effective implementation of its directions. In the absence of such a Cabinet Committee all matters relating to relief shall be reported to the Cabinet Secretary. The composition of the committee will be as under :- (a) Composition. The composition of the NCMC is as under: (i) Cabinet Secretary Chairman. (ii) Secretary to Prime Minister Member. (iii) Secretary (MHA) Member. (iv) Secretary (MOD) Member. (v) Director (IB) Member. (vi) Secretary (RAW) Member. (vii) Secretary (Agriculture Cooperation) Co-opted Member. (viii) An officer of Cabinet Convener. 21. Cabinet Committee on Management of Natural Calamities(CCMNC). CCMNC has been constituted to oversee all aspects relating to the management of natural calamities including assessment of the situation and identification of measures and programmes considered necessary to reduce its impact, monitor and suggest long term measures for prevention of such calamities, formulate and recommend programmes for public awareness for building up societys resilience to them  [13]  . 22. High Level Committees. In the case of calamities of severe nature, Inter-Ministerial Central Teams are to be deputed to the affected states for assessment of damage caused by the calamity and the amount of relief assistance required. The IMG, headed by the Union Home Secretary, will scrutinize the assessment made by the Central Teams and recommend the quantum of assistance to be provided to the States from the National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF). The HLC comprising the Finance Minister as Chairman, and the Home Minister, Agriculture Minister Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission as members approves the central assistance to be provided to the affected States based on the recommendations of the IMG. The constitution and composition of HLC may vary from time to time. The Vice Chairman, NDMA will be a special invitee to the HLC. 23. Role of Central Ministries. Nodal Ministries for various disasters have been designated. These are: (a) Natural Disasters Agricultural and Cooperation. (b) Chemical Disasters Environment and Forest. (c) Nuclear Disaster Department of Atomic Energy. (d) Biological Disaster Health. (e) Civil Strife Home. 24. Control Room (Emergency Operation Room). An Emergency Operations Center (Control Room) exists in the nodal Ministry of Home Affairs, which functions round the clock, to assist the Central Relief Commissioner in the discharge of his duties  [14]  . The activities of the Control Room include collection and transmission of information concerning natural calamity and relief, keeping close contact with governments of the affected States, interaction with other Central Ministries / Departments / Organizations in connection with relief, maintaining records containing all relevant information relating to action points and contact points in Central Ministries etc., keeping up-to-date details of all concerned officers at the Central and State levels. 25. Contingency Action Plan. A National Contingency Action Plan (CAP) for dealing with contingencies arising in the wake of natural disasters has been formulated by the Government of India and it is being periodically updated. It facilitates the launching of relief operations without delay. The CAP identifies the initiatives required to be taken by various Central Ministries/Departments in the wake of natural calamities, sets down the procedure and determines the focal points in the administrative machinery. 26. State Level Organisation. The primary responsibility for disaster management rests with the States. In view of their autonomous jurisdiction, the States have evolved their own relief machinery. At State level the Relief Commissioner or Revenue Secretary, is the nodal agency for direction of relief effort. In most states, a state level committee, chaired by the Chief Minister, acts as a policy formulating forum and monitoring body. Some states have evolved efficient disaster management plans with the requisite infrastructure and organizational support. These as in the case of Maharashtra, include an Emergency Operations Centre in the State Secretariat, which is linked to the district by an efficient wireless and satellite based communication network. This is backed by a computerised District Management Information System Community Disaster Preparedness Programmes. (a) State Disaster Management Committee. At the State level, the SDMA, headed by the Chief Minister, lays down policies and plans for disaster management in the State. It will, approves the State Plan in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the NDMA, coordinates the implementation of the State Plan, recommends provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures and review the developmental plans of the different departments of the State to ensure integration of prevention, preparedness and mitigation measures. (b) State Executive Committee (SEC). This has state Chief Secretary as the Chairperson with four Secretaries of appropriate departments. It performs the same functions as the National Executive Committee as regards coordination, monitoring and implementation of State Plan in accordance to the National Plan, including all measures for prevention, mitigation and capacity building 27. District Level Organisation. At the district level, District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs), will act as the district planning, coordinating and implementing body for disaster management and will take all measures for the purposes of disaster management in the district in accordance with the guidelines laid by NDMA and SDMA. The District Control Rooms would be the nodal facility for directing all operations on disaster emergency situation, and hence are required to be supported by disaster management information and communications to function efficiently. The DDMAs would be established for every district in the State and shall consist of the Chairperson and seven members. It shall consist of the following:- (a) The Collector / District Magistrate / Deputy Commissioner of the district as the Chairperson. (b) The elected representative of the local authority who shall be the Co-Chairperson. (c) The Chief Executive Officer of the District Authority. The Superintendent of Police. The Chief Medical Officer of the district. (f) Two other district level officers, to be appointed by the State Government. Enunciation of Policy 28. Disaster Management : Tenets in Indian Context  [15]  . A disaster refers to a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence from natural or man-made causes, which is beyond the coping capacity of the affected community. Disaster Management involves a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for the following :- (a) Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. (b) Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences. (c) Capacity building including research and knowledge management. (d) Preparedness to deal with any disaster. (e) Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. (f) Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster. (g) Evacuation, rescue and relief. (h) Rehabilitation and reconstruction. (j) Community involvement and awareness general. (k) Close interaction with corporate sector Non Governmental Organisations and media. Strengths and Weaknesses of National Disaster Management System 29. Weaknesses of Indias Disaster Management System. (a) Political Interference and Myopic View. Our political system is dominant in all our policies and programmes. The policy makers look for short term gains to keep their vote banks intact, resulting in myopic view of entire disaster management system. Policies and programmes requiring long term planning and implementation take back seat. (b) Relief centric approach. Our system is primarily focused on relief rather than prevention of disasters. Majority of the effort and organizations are preparing towards the actions after the occurrence of a calamity. (c) Community Awareness and Development. During most of the disasters like earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis, etc the main reason for the high loss to life is due to ignorance of the affected populace about the actions which they are required to do. There are number of incidents, specially during earthquakes, wherein people due to panic moved inside the buildings and got buried in the debris. The Therefore concerted effort in this direction is a mandatory requirement. The community needs to be well informed about the physical features of their location / settlement and the hazard events they are likely to experience. Such a social consciousness about disasters leads to building an organization / network within the community for risk reduction. But, due to lack of concerted efforts, the masses are still quite ignorant of the linkages between development and disasters, nature conservation and role of community in prevention, reduction and relief in case of disasters. A case in point is t he tragedy wherein over 400 school children who were parading out in the open in Village Anjar (Gujarat) were taken inside the school building on occurrence of the earthquake. Nearly all the children died when the school building collapsed. (d) Lack of Role Clarity and Integration of Role Players. Disaster Management is an exercise which involves a large No of players eg Central and State Govts, Armed Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Police Forces, NGOs, PSUs, Private Sector, Community and so on. The integration of disaster risk management functions within local institutions is key to achieving urban risk reduction. Their role has to be clearly defined during various stages of disaster management to avoid ambiguous situations. During the relief and rehabilitation stage post Gujarat Earthquake, a No of tasks were getting duplicated by various NGOs, State Govt and the army columns, resulting in wastages of efforts and confusion. (e) Sub-Optimal Outcomes. Due to lack of integration of efforts, our disaster management system suffers from lack of synergy at various levels. (f) Early Warning System, Forecasting and Communication Infrastructure. Not all disasters can be forecasted but areas vulnerable to disasters can be identified and measures taken in advance to reduce own losses to minimum eg in spite of knowing that Gujarat was in seismic Zone V, a large No of high-rise buildings were allowed to be built in Ahmedabad in the areas where water bodies existed a couple of years ago. Most of the buildings which collapsed were hose which had not complied to the Code of construction I earthquake prone areas. (g) Disaster Management Training. The training culture in India leaves much to be desired. In the case of Gujarat earthquake, while the rescue equipment / heavy equipment eg iron concrete cutters, excavators were provisioned, not many locals knew how to operate these. There is dearth of personnel who are trained in rescue and relief operations. Most are trained in elementary techniques. (h) Absence of Strategic Thinking and Infirmities in Decision Making Process. There is an overall lack of strategic thinking and swift decision making in our system owing to bureaucracy and politicization of all issues. The two if taken care of will enhance our preparedness to a large extent. (j) Financial Support and Corruption. One there is a deficiency of funds to plan and implement disaster Prevention and Reduction Programmes eg linking up of all the rivers, construction of dams etc. Two, of whatever funds get allotted only a small percentage gets to reach the grass roots level owing to rampant corruption in the system. (k) Inadequacy of Specialized Equipment. A major weakness is the inadequacy of state-of-the-art equipment required for rescue and relief operations. A lot of equipment is requisitioned from foreign countries on being hit by a calamity. (

Quality Deer Management Essay -- Hunting Wildlife Conservation

Quality Deer Management There is no other big-game animal in North America like the white-tailed deer. The whitetails habitat is so widespread that it covers just about all of North America and parts of Central America. The white-tailed deer is the most commonly hunted big game animal ever. Before the settlers arrived, an estimated 30 million whitetails inhabited what is now the United States and Canada. But as settlers pursued them for food and market hunters slaughtered them with snares, traps, and set guns, the deer population underwent a disastrous decline. By 1900, only 400,000 whitetails remained. What happened ever since 1900 has truly become a huge conservation success story. Through a massive effort by sportsmen and wildlife managers, market hunting was outlawed, sport-hunting regulations were established, and habitat improvement programs began. Because of the efforts of these concerned people the whitetail population has risen to around 20 million. The deer population has increased so much that in many areas, they suffer from chronic starvation. â€Å"Bucks only† laws passed years ago to help in re-establishing the dwindling deer herds now work against the deer by resulting in an overabundance of does. Even with the overabundance of does many hunters refuse to shoot a doe. They believe in the old saying, â€Å"It takes a doe to yield a buck.† This is entirely true but it ignores the basic law of nature that any piece of land, and the food and cover in it, can support only so much game. If the excess game is not harvested by hunters or killed by predators, nature will take over and exterminate enough animals as needed or more through disease and starvation. That’s why hunting is a much more humane means for a deer ... ...also depend on how wildlife agencies respond to this idea. Throughout history, many northern states have gone all out on shooting bucks. Now they realize that just shooting bucks do not equal quality deer herds. I believe that it is time to make Quality Deer Management a part of every hunters game plan. The benefits may not happen right away but after a couple of years you will have years and years of quality hunting. You not only will have a better hunting experience but you will also have fun implementing Quality Deer Management on your land. Bibliography: http://www.burnsville.org/deer_management June 18, 2001 http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/ July 19, 2001 QDM: Are You Up To Its Challenges? Deer and Deer Hunting November 1999 Krause Publications Inc. QDM: Can Your State Make It Happen? Deer and Deer Hunting November 1999 Krause Publications Inc.

Sexism: Modern Day Society Essay example -- Gender Studies

The horror movie clichà © has a vast amount of stereotypical archetypes such as the dumb jock, the promiscuous female, the geek, and the innocent virgin. There are plenty of more archetypes that are on the protagonist side and as well as the antagonist side of the story. Of course in horror movies the antagonist archetype is the slow-walking, super-human and/or creature-like monster that usually wins a running race against their prey except is killed ultimately by the innocent virgin. There are movies in the past, present and likely future that will always contain these archetype characters because we have them in every aspect of life. On a daily basis, fictional horror movie killers wearing masks, like Jason Vorhees and Michael Meyers, will not be roaming around at home and/or work, every day or ever, but we will always have some type of stereotypical situation happen in one fashion or another. Female archetypes, or stereotypes, that plague movies of all genres are still present i n modern day Hollywood. This is just one example of how sexism is still a hot-topic. In the office, hospital, department store or any other place of business or pleasure are examples of common possible locations that can spurt a lot of sexist occurrences. Depending on an individual’s background (age, sex, race, etc.) there will always be a philosophical issue among gender roles and what is deemed socially correct. Human resources are a group of people that is present in all places of business. They are the people that run a company, business or in a global-scale, the economy. A portion of that same group of working people is human resource management that oversees the organization. This is one example parallelism to how the world works in certain places... ....† Retrieved from http://www.gendercide.org/case_infanticide.html Jones, A. (2004). Gendercide and genocide. (pp. 12-20). Ohio University, OH: Ohio University Press. Joyce, K., Sharlet, J. (2007). â€Å"Hillary’s prayer: Hillary clinton’s religion and politics†. Mother Jones. Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/09/hillarys-prayer-hillary-clintons-religion-and-politics Lerner, G. (1994). The creation of patriarchy. (1 ed., Vol. 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Nelson, V. S. (1978). Infanticide and the value of life. (pp. 100-105). Buffalo, NY: Wiley Subscription Services. Silvestre, J. (2000). The rise of women leaders in philippines: A study of corazon aquino and gloria macapagal-arroyo. The Rise of Women Leaders, 165-177. Wellington, S. W. (1996). Women in corporate leadership: Progress and prospects. What's Holding Women Back, 36-43.

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Papers

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Chapter 5 has a significant part in the novel Frankenstein as a whole because it links to what happens later in the story. This is shown by the language, setting, character's behaviour, the relationship to gothic tradition and contemporary issues. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which is a very well know gothic horror story was first published in 1818, where traditional gothic conventions are used. Mary Shelley was born on the 30th, August, 1797 and she first met Percy Bysshe Shelley and immediately fell in love with him and later on got married. However society didn't approve with their marriage because he was already a married man and she was only 16 and they weren't married to each other. Victor Frankenstein was born in Genevese, which is mentioned in the opening paragraph, "I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic." The basic story of Frankenstein is about a monster that was created by Victor and when he discovered this he was shocked. Since this day close family has been murdered and the monster has been following Victor. A lot of suspicious things have happened and until the end of the story Victor is fighting against the Monster. The monster finally dies and Victor's ambition is complete in destroying the monster. The past of the novel gives a contemporary significance as it brings forward the subject of cloning and stem cell research, which is a controversial subject matter today. Frankenstein's monster is created by Victor, this brings the matter forward of cloning and stem cell research, as Victor would have needed to do a lot of research before completing his creation. The novel shows that by creating clones, it doesn't always turn out to plan, as Frankenstein's monster turns out to be evil and commits several murders. In the novel it has many modern gothic conventions. In Frankenstein there are boundaries between life and death and emphasise on real horror. Mary Shelley explores the darker side of the human psyche and

Nursing Practice Act Essay

I came to realize just how fare we have come. My article includes information on the scope of practice for the nursing profession. The’re alson many different responsabilities of nurses, and the exams and prcedures they go though to become licensed are something else. There are a lot of things that a person can do to lose their license. The’re are also many avenues you can take in nursing, there are a lot of opertunities to grow. The definition of Nursing Practice is to provide individuals and groups with nursing care requiring specialized knowledge, judgment, and skill derived from the principles of biological, physical, behavioral, social, and nursing sciences. A nurses scope of practice focuses on identifing patterns of human responses to actual or potential health problems amenable to a nursing regimen. They are to execute a nursing regimen through the selection, performance, management, and evaluation of nursing actions, assessing health status, and to provide health counseling and health teaching. The scope of practice includes administering medicatons, treatments, and to execute regimens that are by authorized personal. The scope of practice also includes teaching, administering , supervising, delegating, and evaluating nursing practice. The standards related to the RN’s responsibilities in implementing the nursing process and as a member of the nursing profession is to be knowledgable in your work, always use the best possible route, and always make informed decisions. An advanced practice nurse is a registered nurse who has been certified under a certain chapter to practice in a certain field, by the board of nursing. They have certified registered nurse anesthetist, clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse- midwife, and certified nurse practitioner. Nurse practitioners have to also obtain prescriptive authority, which grants them the authority to prescribe medication. The nursing licensure requirements for a new graduate is first to send in an application for the licensure. The application has to include evidence that the applicant has completed requirements of a nursing education program approved by the board or approved by another jurisdiction’s board that regulates nurse licensure. The application will also include information requied by the board. There will be an application fee required by section 4723. 08 of the revised code. You also have to pass a background check that was brought into effect after June 1, 2003. The board of nursing may revoke, suspend or refuse to grant a nursing license, if a person is found by the board to have committed fruad in passing an examination required to obtain the license. A nurse can also have there license suspended or revoked if caught selling, giving away, or administering drugs or therapeutic devices for other than legal and legitimate therapeutic purposes. To renew a license that was issued for a two-year renewal period you have to have 24 hours of continuing nursing education. At least one hour of the education must be directly related to the statutes and rules pertainig to the practice of nursing in this state. The law and rule that sets the requirements for schools of nursing is section 4723. 07. Section 4723. 07 explains the different precedures and precautions that have to be taught to maintain proper sanitation and cleanliness. Handeling and disposal of needles and other sharp instruments. Wearing and disposal of gloves and other protective garments and devices. All in all the responsibilities of the Ohio state Board of Nursing is to assume and exercise all the powers and perform all the duties required of it by chapter 4723. In the nursing world everything has to go through the Board of nursing and they decide everything by vote. The board of nursing follows specific guidelines that are all mentioned with in the Nursing Practice Act and it is constantly changing. To continue on into advanced practice nursing you have to aquire your masters degree. It is also illegal to call yourself an RN with out being licensed but the board of nursing. The Nursing practice Act is where you want to look to find out what you have to do to get certain licenses and certifications.

Equality and Human Rights Commissio Essay

Effective partnership working is vital in a childcare setting because we have a professional responsibility to support better outcomes for the children and their families. There are two core principle features that lead towards successful partnership working. These principles are integration and co-production. For successful integration to take place, crucial steps are taken by local systems that bring services together that share important information. The information that is shared promotes effective common understanding of the needs of the children and their families in which an assessment and referrals can be made. Professionals working across the sector with recognised experts and cross-department government policy makers are known as Co-production partners. This type of partnership working is effective when all partners are all active in working alongside one another, sharing expertise and knowledge with other partners and colleagues. Outcome 1.2 Explain the importance of partnership working with: †¢ Colleagues In child care, partnership working and working as part of a team is important in caring for the children, and this comes through having mutual respect for one another. It is vitally important that creating a positive relationship with other colleagues has a constructive effect on the working and caring environment for the children to be part of. Each colleague will have their own ideas, suggestions and concerns regarding either the children they work with or the working environment. What is important is that we listen and acknowledge this and provide feedback. As a team we should encourage open and honest communication and any staff issues should be dealt with directly and promptly with one another without feeling intimidated. Offering support and advice as a child care officer is essential for the child as well as colleagues. There are occasions when staff members will need the support, for example when they are struggling dealing with a behavioural challenge, parents or other agencies. The extra help will get the situation under control. As a whole, all the knowledge and skills that an individual can bring to working with colleagues are important. It is crucial to collaborate these with one another in such environments and circumstances while working together. †¢Ã‚  Other professionals/Others As a childcare officer I work alongside many other professionals, such as social workers, youth workers and the police. It’s important that I build a relationship with these external agencies for the sake of any child under my responsibility. Where I work, I am fully aware of any issues that a child has in the residential setting. Without the assistance of other professionals outside the residential setting, I wouldn’t be aware of issues that are cause for concern for a child. Therefore, it’s crucial that having a  good relationship with other professionals that I can liaise with to ensure me that I’m fully aware of any external issues that may have an effect for a child under my care. Outcome 1.3 Analyse how partnership working delivers better outcome. Partnership does seem to be an important mechanism for delivering better services and for tackling complex issues. However partnership working takes much effort and input from staff members to make effective and if the  concept loses legitimacy there is a danger that people will begin to disengage from this process. The outcomes of partnership working are imperative and it is for this reason that we need to be clear about what kind of working relationships can produce what kind of impacts for whom, when and why. [Glasby,2009] Outcome 1.4 Explain how to overcome barriers to partnership working. There are a number of barriers that can arise while working in partnership. It is how we deal with them in the first place can be vital to resolving a problem before it occurs. Dishonesty and trust can be an issue when working with other agencies. By accepting the challenges each other face and through honesty and having open communication we can overcome barriers such as dishonesty. Acknowledge each other’s expertise is key for a good working relationship. If there was a problem that an area of expertise was needed, then having worked in partnership with another agency before can overcome this. If respect isn’t shared then it will have a knock on effect onto all partnership working. Respect is commonly passed between everybody through all walks of life. While working with other partners and agencies then having respect for one another is a bond that needs to be strong. Ultimately the end goal for all parties involved is the welfare of the child, and each and everyone must respect that. Overall, honesty, trust, acknowledgement and respect all come through and are gained through communication. Once communication is broken down then problems arise from all different partnerships. All these barriers can be overcome through effective communication and keeping all communication channels open. This primarily will improve partnership working. Also you can achieve greater equality, mutual respect and satisfaction, as well as more efficient use of everyone’s time. You can create a positive, empowering and supportive relationship with everyone working together towards the same goals. Explain own role and responsibilities in working with colleagues. I am a child care officer working in a residential school. The childcare team consists of twelve other officers and three of whom are senior childcare officers. The residential school has a school-end and a dormitory-end. All childcare officers work in partnership with the teachers as the school run a 24hour curriculum. I am in charge of the middle dormitory that has five boys aged between 13 and 15, as well as two other child care officer. My main responsibilities are to ensure that the children are safe and cared for in the living environment, and that their needs are met emotionally, physically and mentally. Working as a team with colleagues and partners is important as a childcare officer. As part of a team we are able to pass forward any information that may affect any children under our responsibility or any changes or issues around surrounding the team. The role of a childcare officer can be emotionally draining and it’s vital that I support the staff as well as the behavioural issues the children deal with. As whole the childcare team all support one another and it has a positive effect on the children welfare. Outcome 2.2 Develop and agree common objectives when working with colleagues. Each child care officer has key children that he/she are responsible for. To develop and agree on common objectives I meet with the colleagues once a week to discuss Individual Developmental Plans (IDP) for the key children. The IDP is a meeting to agree on a plan on issues and concerns for the child to work on and develop through each week and school term. All the staff that work closely with the same child have the same objectives, and this is inhouse partnership working along with one another. This approach taken by staff members can have a reflective impact upon a child. Outcome 2.3 Evaluate own working relationship with colleagues. I believe that my working relationship with other colleagues is incredibly positive. One of key attributes is that I communicate well at all times. Through effective communication I feel that it increase my confidence and therefore have a positive impact upon the children under my supervision. If the children can see positive behaviour then they tend to follow and I need to lead by example for this to occur. The childcare team are all very supportive to one another and I feel comfortable asking for advice or guidance when an issue or occasion arises that I feel may need better expertise. Also I feel that my colleagues know that they could without doubt ask me for any support that they feel they may need and I would help them. I am always looking to improve as a professional and I take great interest of colleagues that have been in the environment for many more years than me. Therefore as well as theoretical  learning I also enjoy observational learning through observing my colleagues  on a day to day basis. Outcome 2.4 Deal constructively with any conflict that may arise with colleagues. Personal likes and dislikes must be put aside when working as a childcare officer because your main priority is the welfare of the children. Having the ability to communicate constructively at all times with other colleagues is essential and if there are any issues that need be resolved, then we are able to do so through effective communication. If there any conflicts that are cause of concern and needed higher authority then our line manager is available to discuss matters. Also in conclusion to this, any issues arising can be brought forward in a staff meeting held at the end of each week. Issues or concerns should be dealt with immediately so that the team morale and effective team work can proceed. Outcome 3.1 Explain own role and responsibilities in working with other professionals. The roles and responsibilities are determined by which other professional I work alongside. Each child (depending on the situation) has different working partnership. One of my roles is the responsibility for a child’s health and well being. On many occasions I must take the child to the doctors or dentist. I make appointments with these fellow professionals as well as follow up appointments if needed. I also work with professionals such as Psychologists, Social Workers, Foster Parents, Youth Offending Team and Youth Workers. I often meet with these in support of the children I am a key worker for. Although at times having these meeting are emotionally difficult for the child, all the professionals are working together to develop the child’s present and future lives. Outcome 3.2 Develop procedures for effective working relationships with other professionals. Cross Reference with 4.2 Outcome 3.3 Agree common objectives when working with other professionals within the boundaries of own role and responsibilities. Observation of staff de-brief meeting. Minutes from meeting. Outcome 3.4 Evaluate procedures for working with other professionals. The school and local authority have procedures put in place when working with many professionals that cover a number of different situations. These procedures are to protect the child and yourself. Looked After Child (LAC) Review is a procedure which all professionals, carers/parents, and the child work in partnership. This partnership allows all parties including the child the opportunity to give their thoughts and opinions on current issues. It is important that I keep good professional relationships with all that are involved as well as support the child at all times. Outcome 3.5 Deal constructively with any conflict that may arise with other professionals. As discussed in outcome 1.1, integration is really important when working together with other professionals. One occasion in the last few months I had to deal with a conflict with a foster family and a child regarding a school issue. This caused the child to rebel against the foster family as well as the child being aggressive and threatening. I dealt with the issue constructively by having the family acknowledge the issues that miss informing other professionals can cause problems. I then had to educate and rationalize with the parents and child to resolving the issue. Having all parties accept that resolving conflict is often a necessary process to  achieve positive or desired outcomes, and then we can learn and move forward. Outcome 4.1 Analyse the importance of working in partnerships with others. Ensuring the safety of the child and all partnerships working in childcare is important. On occasions we deal with children that break the law and the police need to be informed. When the nature of the crime is explained to the police, we also need to exchange information regarding the child involved. Through the exchange of information and the other agencies that the police have at their disposal, the potential outcome can meet the individual needs of the child. This is an example that specific expertise of others was needed to resolve an issue that was other than just breaking the law. The exchange of information, further working partnerships and meeting the individual needs can result in consistency of care for the child. Outcome 4.2 Develop procedures for effective working relationships with others. When a child absconds from the residential school grounds, a procedure has put in place to warrant the safety of the child. The first call is to the senior staff and they are informed immediately that a child has absconded. The school then phone the police to help in the search of the child. Also the school work in partnership with the parents and foster parents to ensure that the issue is explained correctly, what is being done and the outcome of the event. Outcome 4.3 Agree common objectives when working with others within the boundaries of own role and responsibilities. Observation Outcome 4.4 Evaluate procedures for working with others. Cross reference with 3.4 Outcome 4.5 Deal constructively with any conflict that may arise with others. Observation Bibliography †¢Ã‚  www.childcarenetwork.com/childcare_relationships[Accessed:21/07/2013] †¢Ã‚  Equality and Human Rights Commission (2010), Policy, Working Better Childcare Matters: improving choices and chances for parents and children †¢Ã‚  Glasby.J.,Dickinson.H.,(2009) International Perspectives on Health And Social Care: Partnership working in action. p162.

Ethical Issues and Problems in Business and the Corporate World: Sexual Harassment Essay

Strike, Inc. is a well known company in the field of Information Technology (IT). It has been the main and primary producer of educational software and business operational progress like database filing, computerized payroll system, and hardware designed swipe machine and bar code system. Jeffrey Jacobs, the manager, has been working for the company for almost 25 years. His expertise in system application and development made him the best and the most competent in the managerial position. He is aggressive and hardworking but at times unpredictable and bossy. His personal attachment and close professional interaction with female employees of the company have been noticed by many. One day, Bernadette Ryan, the head of the system developers, went to Jeffrey’s office for product consultation. The meeting went on and Jeffrey’s comment about the new project is its marketability and user-friendly functionality. Bernadette, on the other hand, continued to explain the advantages of the system when Jeffrey stood up and approached the door. She just continued discussing the features of the new system being developed. Without her knowing it Jeffrey suddenly appeared at her back, sort of listening to her discussion. Jeffrey started to make sleek moves; he intentionally put his hands, touched and sort of massaged Bernadette’s shoulders. Bernadette was surprised about the actions of her boss. She stood up and said, â€Å"I’d rather go. † As she was walking her way out of the room, Jeffrey got hold of her arms and said, â€Å"I know you like what I’m doing. Come on, try me! † Bernadette felt that she was being harassed and exclaimed, â€Å"Stop or I’ll scream!  This is sexual harassment! † Jeffrey felt more aggressive and told Bernadette that being the manager, he has the right to be the boss and handle his subordinates his own way. Jeffrey further imposed that if she would not submit herself to his personal aggression, he would tell other employees about the incident. Moreover, he would definitely fire her and tell everyone that it was Bernadette who did the first move of flirting. Bernadette was shocked. She ran out of the door to get out of Jeffrey’s malicious and questionable disposition.

Discission

â€Å"Consent for Treatment† Please respond to the following: * Ms. Davis, a patient at XYZ facility, had a difficult time sleeping and was given something to put her sleep at approximately 3:00 a. m. A form was given to Ms. Davis to sign for surgery while going in and out of sleep at approximately 7:00 a. m. following the sleep medication. Was this an express consent or implied consent? Explain your answer. As the head administrator of the facility, discuss what concerns you have and what would you do with the person who presented Ms. Davis with the consent. A minor with a gunshot wound was rushed to the emergency room. The parents had not arrived yet. After rushing the minor to surgery, the medical team realized consent for surgery had not been signed. Explain what kind of consent should be obtained. Speculate on how often this kind of consent is applied and discuss your thoughts. According to our lectures in week 6, lecture 1, an express consent is done in words, written or oral. An implied consent is apparent by the actions that demonstrate the patient has agreed to the treatment.Either way both types of consent require the person to know all the facts about their treatment. This would include what they were being treated for, what types of procedures they are doing or would like to do and the risks and benefits for the treatment. They must be completely aware of what they are consenting to. In the above situation I would say that the type of consent they are seeking is the implied consent because they are trying to get the patient to sign a consent form for surgery.However she is, in my opinion not able to comprehend the facts of what she is consenting to because she is dosing off and on because of a sleeping aid she was given. She is under the influence of a medication that can have an affect of not also the obvious, sleepiness, but not really being able to comprehend their surroundings. People have a different reaction to medication therefore I ca nnot even fathom that even if they were able to get her to sign the consent form it should not hold up or be considered legal and standing because of the fact she was under the influence of a medication.It does not state that the surgery was an emergency in which if a surgery was a life-or-death situation where the consent was not needed. If I was the head Administrator of this facility, I would not allow this. The staff member who presented the patient with the consent under such circumstances would be reprimanded if not suspended for the lack of good judgment and lack of following policies and procedures of what is acceptable and legal for a consent to do surgery.I would not allow the patient to be put through the surgery because she, in my observation was not able to fully comprehend and understand what she was being asked to sign. According to our text it states â€Å"that an emergency eliminates the need to obtain consent because the law values the preservation of life and pre vention of permanent impairment. However, this rule applies only when the patient is incapable of expressing consent and the healthcare surrogate is unavailable.The above situation states that the parents have not arrived therefore they do know what has happened to their child and with a gun shot wound the medical faculty made a choice to put the minor in an emergency surgery due to a gun shot wound Showalter, J. S. (2012). The Law of Healthcare Administration, 6th edition. Chicago, Illinois. Health Administration Press â€Å"A Tax-Free Health Care Organization† Please respond to the following: * Memorial Today Hospital is a teaching institution that provides community benefits and charity services to a large population of indigents in exchange for a tax-exemption status.Explain how the Health Reform Law of 2011 could impact the health care organization and its tax exemption status if it remains law. * Explain under what circumstances Memorial Today Hospital will be subject t o income taxation. Discuss what this means to you as the administrator of the facility The 2011 Health Reform Law can impact the Memorial Today Hospital because it adds new requirements to the tax code and adds new standards regarding the care of the poor (Showalter, 2012).Now there must be a community health needs assessment conducted once every three years, an adoption and implementation of a strategy to meet health needs identified in the assessment, a written financial assistance policy must be publicized and implemented-essentially a charity care policy for services to indigent patients, adoption of a written policy on nondiscrimination in emergency services, limit the amounts charged for care to indigent patients, and non attempt â€Å" extraordinary collection actions† without first determining whether the patient meets financial assistance criteria.Memorial Today Hospital may be subject to income taxation if a charity earns revenue from a line of business that does no t further its charitable purpose, that income is subject to unrelated business income taxation (UBIT) as though it were earned by a for-profit organization (Showalter, 2012). If I were the administrator of the facility, I would ensure I was working along with other non-profit companies for business that is not provided by the hospital setting. Showalter, J. S. (2012). The Law of Healthcare Administration, 6th edition. Chicago, Illinois. Health Administration Press

In what ways can the Internet contribute to public service Essay

In what ways can the Internet contribute to public service broadcasting Discuss and provide examples from the readings - Essay Example Various scholars and researchers have argued that the Internet has been found both helpful and harmful for the public service broadcast industry. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ways and techniques through which the Internet can contribute in improving the public service broadcasting in Britain. The paper will cite examples from scholarly journal articles in order to support the arguments. Internet has influenced the media of almost the entire world. The contemporary media can be termed as Digital Media due to its heavy reliance on the Internet. Like many other countries of the world, the Media Ecosystem in Britain is also under influence of the Internet as surveys reveal that more and more users are accessing the Internet in the UK these days. This has certainly brought a transformation in the traditional public service broadcast techniques by presenting new and advanced methods of productions and broadcasts (Collins, 2011). Internet can help facilitate the public service broadcasting in a variety of ways. To list, there are plenty of techniques that can be adopted and have already been utilized in the UK in order to improve the public service broadcasting sector. It has been noticed that previously there were numerous issues associated with public service broadcasting. Therefore, in order to analyze the changing situations of the broadcast media in Europe, numerous researchers conducted various studies on the subject in order to find accurate results. Harrison & Wessels (2005) stated that the transitions in the contemporary public service broadcast because of the internet is a positive indicator and has increased scrutiny. The authors have tried to explore the pattern of the new media technique with the audience in Europe. It should be noted that the Internet has actively enabled millions of users in public service broadcast as all of them share their views and interact over the medium effectively. In simple words it can be said that

Analyze the HR system in Tesco in the following area training, Essay

Analyze the HR system in Tesco in the following area training, development ,planning , recruitment and selection.(in the UK) - Essay Example One of them is HRP or Human Resource Planning. This area comprises of all activities which are related to planning about the human resources and include activities such as requirement for selection, selection procedure, initial orientation programs upon recruitment and defining roles and responsibilities (Garrick 1999). Another area is HR Training and Development. This includes all activities where the employees are given trainings of different types to help them perform better in their jobs and improved on their productivity (Keep 1989). We shall also study the human resource practices from a future perspective and identify what Tesco needs to do in the future. This is one strong area of Tesco’s HR policy. Tesco has made sure that its employees get to understand their roles in contributing to the overall core purpose and values of the organisation. The first element of HRP is Recruitment and Selection at Tesco. According to The Times 100, ‘Recruitment involves attracting the right standard of applicants to apply for vacancies’. Tesco advertises its jobs in different ways. The process varies depending on the job available. At the first step, Tesco looks at the current employees and evaluates if any of the existing employees can be promoted for the vacant position. For external recruitment, Tesco advertises its vacancies on its career website or through notices on stores. For other specialized jobs, Tesco advertises externally through other mediums (Recruitment and Selection ad Tesco). In the selection process, Tesco seeks to find out the most suitable candidate for the job. One of them is screening the candidates. The screening procedure consists of evaluating the applicant’s CV or resume and performance of the applicant at the assessment centre (Recruitment and Selection ad Tesco). Another aspect is training the newly recruited employees. This has been successfully achieved via an innovative induction program. This